Cable compliance

The object of the investigation was to solve mechanical problems using cable-in-bending and cable-in-torsion. These problems included robotic contacts, targets, and controls using cable compliance. Studies continued in the use of cable compliance for the handicapped and the elderly. These included work stations, walkers, prosthetic knee joints, elbow joints, and wrist joints. More than half of these objects were met, and models were made and studies completed on most of the others. It was concluded that the many different and versatile solutions obtained only opened the door to many future challenges

Systems Biology of Cold Adaptation in the Polyextremophilic Red Alga Galdieria sulphuraria

Rapid fluctuation of environmental conditions can impose severe stress upon living organisms. Surviving such episodes of stress requires a rapid acclimation response, e.g., by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Persistent change of the environmental context, however, requires longer-term adaptation at the genetic level. Fast-growing unicellular aquatic eukaryotes enable analysis of adaptive responses at the genetic level in a laboratory setting. In this study, we applied continuous cold stress (28°C) to the thermoacidophile red alga G. sulphuraria, which is 14°C below its optimal growth temperature of 42°C. Cold stress was applied for more than 100 generations to identify components that are critical for conferring thermal adaptation. After cold exposure for more than 100 generations, the cold-adapted samples grew ∼30% faster than the starting population. Whole-genome sequencing revealed 757 variants located on 429 genes (6.1% of the transcriptome) encoding molecular functions involved in cell cycle regulation, gene regulation, signaling, morphogenesis, microtubule nucleation, and transmembrane transport. CpG islands located in the intergenic region accumulated a significant number of variants, which is likely a sign of epigenetic remodeling. We present 20 candidate genes and three putative cis-regulatory elements with various functions most affected by temperature. Our work shows that natural selection toward temperature tolerance is a complex systems biology problem that involves gradual reprogramming of an intricate gene network and deeply nested regulators

Short communication: Characterization of a monoclonal antibody for κ-casein B of cow's milk1

A monoclonal antibody (antik-B) against an oligopeptide of 23 AA corresponding to the region 131-153 of bovine kappa-casein (kappa-CN) B was generated using the Human Combinatorial Antibody Library (HuCAL) technology. Both AA substitutions distinguishing kappa-CN A and B are located in that region (positions 136 and 148). In this study, the reactivity of antik-B to milk samples collected from cows previously genotyped as CSN3*AA, CSN3*AB, and CSN3*BB was tested. According to Western blot results, antik-B recognized kappa-CN B and it showed no cross-reactivity toward kappa-CN A and other milk proteins. Furthermore, a modified Western blot method, urea-PAGE Western blot, was set up to assess the reactivity of antik-B toward all isoforms of kappa-CN B. In conclusion, antik-B was specific to kappa-CN B in milk and it seemed to be reactive toward all its isoforms

Impactos econômicos das formas jurídicas e das alternativas tributárias na bovinocultura de corte.

A bovinocultura de corte brasileira tem se destacado pelas altas taxas de crescimento e conquista de novos mercados. Apesar desse desempenho setorial, em muitas fazendas os resultados econômicos são insatisfatórios, pois os custos de produção vem subindo desde 2004, em um ritmo não acompanhado pelas receitas (CNA/Cepea-Usp, 2008). Dado que os pecuaristas de corte são normalmente "tomadores de preços", a principal alternativa para aumentar o lucro é minimizar custos, sendo comuns as intervenções no processo produtivo. Há no entanto outros fatores, que podem contribuir para aumentar o lucro, como a forma jurídica da fazenda e o regime tributário da pessoa jurídica. As formas jurídicas são pessoa física, pessoa jurídica e condomínio de pessoas físicas. Pessoa física é a pessoa natural, isto é, todo indivíduo do nascimento até a morte; pessoa jurídica é um ente constituído para determinado fim, com patrimônio e vida próprios, podendo ser individual ou societário; condomínio é o bem com mais de um proprietário. Os regimes tributários, aplicáveis à pessoa jurídica, são o "simples", o "lucro presumido" e o "lucro real". Este estudo visou avaliar as implicações das formas jurídicas e dos regimes tributários nos resultados econômicos da bovinocultura de corte, considerados diferentes níveis tecnológicos.SOBER. Resumo expandido 994

HISTÓRIA, “ENSINANTES-APRENDENTES”: FORMAÇÃO VS PRÁTICA

O presente artigo busca refletir projeção e prática articuladora de integralização da graduação, da pesquisa e da extensão, tendo por referencial a experiência da atuação de graduandos do Curso de História como estagiários em museu. Este artigo, baseado em estudo de caso em espaço não-formal, contextualiza e analisa os limites e as possibilidades da formação docente, centrando na discussão a aprendizagem dos próprios métodos das diferentes disciplinas, áreas de estudo e de conteúdos como aspectos mutuamente inclusivos de uma mesma formação docente - professor-pesquisador de história: teoria vs prática. O objeto em tela foi possível pelo desenvolvimento de pesquisas enfocando a formação docente, estratégias de pesquisa e redes de conhecimento, através da mediação dos métodos da etnografia eformação, da investigação-ação e investigação-formação, que, porsua vez, aqui será situada como forma de reforçar a importância ea necessidade de introduzirmos mecanismos de integração da pesquisa com o ensino, na formação docente reflexiva

Adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão-caupi de porte semiprostrado em Minas Gerais.

Estudos de adaptabilidade e estabilidade de genótipos são importantes nas fases finais de um programa de melhoramento para subsidiar a recomendação de novas cultivares. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de genótipos de feijão-caupi de porte semiprostrado no Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram avaliados 20 genótipos (15 linhagens e cinco cultivares), em três ambientes, no biênio 2011-2012. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas análises de variância conjunta e a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade dos genótipos foram analisadas pelo método de Lin e Bins modificado por Carneiro (1998). Observaram-se diferenças para os efeitos de genótipos, ambientes e interação genótipo x ambiente. As cultivares BRS Xiquexique e BR 17-Gurguéia apresentam ampla adaptabilidade e alta estabilidade aos ambientes do Estado de Minas Gerais avaliados, sendo também as mais adaptadas a ambientes favoráveis, enquanto que as linhagem MNC03-761F-1 e MNC02-675F-9-5 são mais bem adaptadas a ambientes desfavoráveis.CONAC 2012. Disponível em: http://www.conac2012.org/resumos/pdf/124m.pdf. Acesso em: 19 jul. 2013

Endothelial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular And Endocrine-metabolic Diseases: An Update.

The endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anion in conductance and resistance arteries are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive, diabetic and obese animals, resulting in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and in increased vasoconstrictor responses. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the role of enhanced overactivation of β-adrenergic receptors inducing vascular cytokine production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling that seem to be the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, heart failure and in endocrine-metabolic disorders. However, some adaptive mechanisms can occur in the initial stages of hypertension, such as increased NO production by eNOS. The present review focuses on the role of NO bioavailability, eNOS uncoupling, cyclooxygenase-derived products and pro-inflammatory factors on the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These are cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases of high incidence and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries and endothelial dysfunction contributes to triggering, maintenance and worsening of these pathological situations.44920-3

Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update

The endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anion in conductance and resistance arteries are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive, diabetic and obese animals, resulting in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and in increased vasoconstrictor responses. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the role of enhanced overactivation of β-adrenergic receptors inducing vascular cytokine production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling that seem to be the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, heart failure and in endocrine-metabolic disorders. However, some adaptive mechanisms can occur in the initial stages of hypertension, such as increased NO production by eNOS. The present review focuses on the role of NO bioavailability, eNOS uncoupling, cyclooxygenase-derived products and pro-inflammatory factors on the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These are cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases of high incidence and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries and endothelial dysfunction contributes to triggering, maintenance and worsening of these pathological situations449920932CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçã